![]() ![]() The Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact in 1955 in response to NATO. The United States created the NATO military alliance in 1949 in the apprehension of a Soviet attack and termed their global policy against Soviet influence containment. The first phase of the Cold War began shortly after the end of the Second World War in 1945. ![]() As nearly all the colonial states achieved independence in the period 1945–1960, they became Third World battlefields in the Cold War. The US government supported right-wing governments and uprisings across the world, while the Soviet government funded communist parties and revolutions around the world. The Eastern Bloc was led by the Soviet Union and its Communist Party, which had an influence across the Second World. The Western Bloc was led by the United States as well as the other First World nations of the Western Bloc that were generally liberal democratic but tied to a network of the authoritarian states, most of which were their former colonies. Aside from the nuclear arsenal development and conventional military deployment, the struggle for dominance was expressed via indirect means such as psychological warfare, propaganda campaigns, espionage, far-reaching embargoes, rivalry at sports events and technological competitions such as the Space Race. The conflict was based around the ideological and geopolitical struggle for global influence by these two superpowers, following their temporary alliance and victory against Nazi Germany in 1945. The term " cold" is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two superpowers, but they each supported major regional conflicts known as proxy wars. Historians do not fully agree on its starting and ending points, but the period is generally considered to span the 1947 Truman Doctrine (12 March 1947) to the 1991 Dissolution of the Soviet Union (26 December 1991). ![]() The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, which began following World War II. ![]()
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